E-commerce

Analysis: Amazon has a Prime edge over Walmart – richer customers

Amazon’s strong quarterly performance has offered another sign of a split in shopping patterns between more- and less-affluent Americans dealing with the highest inflation in four decades.

Last Monday, rival Walmart – which caters to a more cost-conscious customer – slashed its second-quarter profit forecast, blaming a shift in consumer spending towards more low-margin food products over apparel and other general merchandise.

This has led to an inventory buildup that the nation’s largest retailer said it would markdown aggressively.

By contrast, Amazon, the world’s largest e-commerce retailer, said consumer demand had ramped up in spite of inflation, helping it post better-than-expected second-quarter income and sales and issue an upbeat forecast for the summer season.

Amazon put the boost in performance down to its Amazon Prime customers, who pay US$139 per year to get one- or two-day free delivery and Amazon Music and Prime Video for free.

“Prime members have meaningfully increased their spend since the start of the pandemic,” Amazon CFO Brian Olsavsky said on an investor call on Thursday.

“Over that period, we’ve seen stronger usage of Prime benefits by Prime members and a greater reliance on Amazon for their shopping and entertainment,” he said.

Earnings from US companies over the past few months show that rising costs of fuel and food is impacting lower-income Americans more acutely, while those with bigger bank accounts are snapping up $50,000 GM trucks or $3,000 Louis Vuitton handbags.

Inflation impact

“Honestly, it really comes down to Walmart having way too much inventory… and (that) Walmart caters to a lower-income consumer, which is going to be much more impacted by the higher inflation,” said Brian Yarbrough, an analyst at Edward Jones.

For Amazon, Prime members, who drive most of its sales volumes, are mostly found among wealthier households, several surveys show. One report from Piper Jaffray in 2016 showed that more than 70 per cent of households with annual incomes topping $112,000 had a Prime membership.

“Amazon’s (third-party) marketplace proved to be a distinct advantage in the second quarter, providing broader selection and pricing flexibility unavailable to most traditional retailers,” Colin Sebastian, an analyst at Baird Equity Research said in a note, pointing out how merchants made up 57 per cent of Amazon’s unit sales in the spring, up from 55 per cent in the March quarter.

It also comes down to Walmart and Amazon’s business models, analysts say.

While Walmart is heavily dependent on deeply cultivated relationships with suppliers to stock its more than 4700 US, stores with the right merchandise, Amazon charges a fixed fee from third-party sellers on its Amazon.com marketplace.

“Amazon delivers a significant amount of its total gross merchandise volume via third-party sellers,” said Jason Benowitz, senior portfolio manager at The Roosevelt Investment Group.

“In this business, Amazon collects fees for third-party seller services that we believe are less dependent on the nature of the items sold,” Benowitz said.

This also insulates Amazon from changes in consumer spending patterns and may have had a lesser impact on profitability compared to Walmart or other traditional retailers, he added.

Amazon shares rose 14 per cent. Walmart lost about $28 billion in market value after its warning on July 25, and sparked a broad sell-off in other retail stocks the following day.

• Reporting by Siddharth Cavale and Jeffrey Dastin; Editing by Nick Zieminski, of Reuters.